Predictive Factors of Functional Outcomes and Quality of Life in Patients with Ankle Fractures: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Evaluating the predictors of unfavorable outcomes in patients with ankle fractures is crucial for identifying high-risk patients and implementing personalized treatment strategies. This study aimed to analyze factors that influence quality of life in patients with ankle fractures. Methods: Four databases were consulted. The main outcomes were functionality and quality of life scales combined using the standard mean difference (SMD) (Review Manager 5.4). Results: Eight studies with 2486 patients were included. A significant correlation was found between female sex and worse functionality scores (beta 4.15, 95% CI 1.84–6.46). Additionally, older age was correlated with worse functionality scores (beta −0.24, 95% CI −0.29 to −0.19). Patients with diabetes or metabolic syndrome also had worse outcomes (SMD 0.27, 95% CI 0.18–0.36). High BMI and obesity were also associated with worse quality of life scores (beta 2.62, 95% CI 0.77–4.48). Smokers had greater disability in the analyzed scales (SMD 0.22, 95% CI 0.05–0.39). No significant differences were observed with respect to syndesmotic involvement. Conclusions: Age, sex, diabetes, high BMI, and smoking negatively impact functional outcomes and quality of life in patients with ankle fractures.