Fabrication and Conductivity of Graphite Nanosheet/Nylon 610 Nanocomposites Using Graphite Nanosheets Treated with Supercritical Water at Different Temperatures

Abstract

In this study, water at high temperatures (150, 175, 200 °C) and in a vacuum state (−0.1 MPa) was applied to graphite nanosheets to enhance surface activity to promote the formation of oxygen-containing functional groups through supercritical water treatment. Nylon 610 nanocomposites (with treated or untreated nanosheets as nanofillers) were then synthesized using interfacial polymerization. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the water treatment did not alter the crystal structure of the carbon nanosheets. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed the presence of amide peaks within the nanocomposites, indicating the presence of hydrogen bonding between the nanosheets and the polymer matrix. The intensity of the amide peaks was higher for nanocomposites combined with treated nanosheets than untreated ones. This hydrogen bonding is beneficial to the conductivity of the nanocomposites. The conductivity of treated nanosheets/nylon nanocomposites generally decreased with increasing wt%, while the conductivity of untreated nanosheets/nylon nanocomposites increased with increasing wt%. The decrementing of conductivity in the treated nanosheets/nylon nanocomposites is due to the agglomeration of the nanosheets within the composite. This is in in line with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results which showed that at higher wt%, the aggregation condition tended to occur. The highest conductivity obtained is 0.004135 S/m, as compared to the conductivity of neat nylon 610, which is 10−14 S/m. This improvement in electrical properties can be attributed to the intact structure of the nanosheets and the interaction between the nanofillers and the nylon 610 matrix. The optimum nylon 610 nanocomposite synthesized was the one incorporated with 0.5 wt% graphite nanosheets treated at 200 °C and −0.1 MPa, which possess the highest conductivity.