Pharmacological Evaluation of Signals of Disproportionality Reporting Related to Adverse Reactions to Antiepileptic Cannabidiol in VigiBase

Abstract

Cannabidiol is the first cannabis-derived drug approved for the treatment of Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. In the current study, we performed a descriptive analysis followed by a disproportionality analysis of potential adverse events caused by CBD extracted from the VigiBase® database. Furthermore, the biological plausibility of the association between CBD and the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor as a possible cause of adverse events was analyzed and discussed. Data were extracted from the VigiBase® database using the VigiLyze® signal detection and signal management tool. Adverse events in VigiBase® reports were coded using MedDRA, version 19 of Preferred Terms (PTs). Data were uploaded into SPSS software and analyzed via a disproportionality analysis. Statistically significant disproportionality signals for CBD were found for “weight decreased” (5.19 (95% CI: 4.54–5.70)), “hypophagia” (3.68 (95% CI: 3.22–5.27)), and “insomnia” (1.6 (95% CI: 1.40–1.83)). Positive IC025 values were found for “weight decreased” (2.2), “hypophagia” (1.3), and “insomnia” (0.5), indicating a surplus of reported cases. CBD’s interactions with 5-HT1A serotonin receptors may offer a potential biological explanation for the occurrence of insomnia in patients. It is noteworthy that the risk profiles mentioned in the information for prescribing CBD as an antiepileptic agent by regulatory agencies showed disparities specifically related to the adverse event “insomnia”.