Diagnosis of Rotor Component Shedding in Rotating Machinery: A Data-Driven Approach

Abstract

The potential for rotor component shedding in rotating machinery poses significant risks, necessitating the development of an early and precise fault diagnosis technique to prevent catastrophic failures and reduce maintenance costs. This study introduces a data-driven approach to detect rotor component shedding at its inception, thereby enhancing operational safety and minimizing downtime. Utilizing frequency analysis, this research identifies harmonic amplitudes within rotor vibration data as key indicators of impending faults. The methodology employs principal component analysis (PCA) to orthogonalize and reduce the dimensionality of vibration data from rotor sensors, followed by k-fold cross-validation to select a subset of significant features, ensuring the detection algorithm’s robustness and generalizability. These features are then integrated into a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model, which serves as the diagnostic engine to predict the probability of rotor component shedding. The efficacy of the approach is demonstrated through its application to 16 industrial compressors and turbines, proving its value in providing timely fault warnings and enhancing operational reliability.