The Contribution of Genetic and Epigenetic Factors: An Emerging Concept in the Assessment and Prognosis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Author:

Minea Horia12,Singeap Ana-Maria12ORCID,Minea Manuela3,Juncu Simona12ORCID,Muzica Cristina12ORCID,Sfarti Catalin Victor12ORCID,Girleanu Irina12ORCID,Chiriac Stefan12ORCID,Miftode Ioana Diandra45,Stanciu Carol12,Trifan Anca12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Gastroenterology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania

2. Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania

3. Department of Microbiology, The National Institute of Public Health, 700464 Iasi, Romania

4. Department of Radiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania

5. Department of Radiology, “St. Spiridon” University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents heterogeneous and relapsing intestinal conditions with a severe impact on the quality of life of individuals and a continuously increasing prevalence. In recent years, the development of sequencing technology has provided new means of exploring the complex pathogenesis of IBD. An ideal solution is represented by the approach of precision medicine that investigates multiple cellular and molecular interactions, which are tools that perform a holistic, systematic, and impartial analysis of the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and microbiomics sets. Hence, it has led to the orientation of current research towards the identification of new biomarkers that could be successfully used in the management of IBD patients. Multi-omics explores the dimension of variation in the characteristics of these diseases, offering the advantage of understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that affect intestinal homeostasis for a much better prediction of disease development and choice of treatment. This review focuses on the progress made in the field of prognostic and predictive biomarkers, highlighting the limitations, challenges, and also the opportunities associated with the application of genomics and epigenomics technologies in clinical practice.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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