Comparative In Vitro Study between Biocompatible Chitosan-Based Magnetic Nanocapsules and Liposome Formulations with Potential Application in Anti-Inflammatory Therapy

Author:

Vochița Gabriela1ORCID,Cadinoiu Anca Niculina2ORCID,Rață Delia-Mihaela2ORCID,Atanase Leonard Ionuț23ORCID,Popa Marcel23ORCID,Mahdieh Athar4,Mihai Cosmin-Teodor15ORCID,Stache Alexandru-Bogdan6,Moldovan Cristina-Veronica7ORCID,Băcăiţă Elena Simona8ORCID,Condriuc Iustina Petra9ORCID,Gherghel Daniela1

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Biological Research Iasi, Branch of NIRDBS, 700107 Iasi, Romania

2. Faculty of Medicine, Apollonia University of Iasi, 700511 Iasi, Romania

3. Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050045 Bucharest, Romania

4. Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1068, N-0316 Oslo, Norway

5. Praxis Medical Investigations, 700376 Iasi, Romania

6. Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Fundamental Research and Experimental Development in Translational Medicine—TRANSCEND, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania

7. Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, Nr. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania

8. Faculty of Machine Manufacturing and Industrial Management, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron Bld. No. 73, 700050 Iasi, Romania

9. Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania

Abstract

This study describes the comparison between the interaction of a series of peptide-functionalized chitosan-based nanocapsules and liposomes with two cell lines, i.e., mouse macrophages RAW 264.7 and human endothelial cells EA.hy926. Both types of nanocarriers are loaded with magnetic nanoparticles and designed for anti-inflammatory therapy. The choice of these magnetic nanostructures is argued based on their advantages in terms of size, morphology, chemical composition, and the multiple possibilities of modifying their surface. Moreover, active targeting might be ensured by using an external magnetic field. To explore the impact of chitosan-based nanocapsules and liposomes on cell cytophysiology, the cell viability, using the MTT assay, and cell morphology were investigated. The results revealed low to moderate cytotoxicity of free nanocapsules and significant cytotoxicity induced by chitosan-coated liposomes loaded with dexamethasone, confirming its release from the delivery system. Thus, after 48 h of treatment with nanocapsules, the viability of RAW 264.7 cells varied between 88.18% (OCNPM-1I, 3.125 µg/mL) and 76.37% (OCNPM-1, 25 µg/mL). In the same conditions, EA.hy926 cell viability was between 99.91% (OCNPM-3, 3.125 µg/mL) and 75.15% (OCNPM-3, 25 µg/mL) at the highest dose (25 µg/mL), the values being comparable for both cell lines. Referring to the cell reactivity after dexamethasone-loaded liposome application, the lowest viability of RAW 264.7 cells was 41.25% (CLDM5CP-1, 25 µg/mL) and 58.20% (CLDMM2CP-1 1.25 µg/mL) in the endothelial cell line, proving a selective character of action of nanocarriers. The cell morphology test, performed to support and confirm the results obtained by the MTT test, revealed a differentiated response for the two types of nano-carriers. As expected, an intense cytotoxic effect in the case of dexamethasone-loaded liposomes and a lack of cytotoxicity for drug-free nanocapsules were noticed. Therefore, our study demonstrated the biocompatible feature of the studied nanocarriers, which highlights them for future research as potential drug delivery systems for pharmacological applications, including anti-inflammatory therapy.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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