1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
2. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
3. School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
4. Emergency Department, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
5. Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan