Infection of Vascular Prostheses: A Comprehensive Review

Author:

Costa Davide12ORCID,Andreucci Michele3ORCID,Ielapi Nicola4ORCID,Serraino Giuseppe Filiberto5ORCID,Mastroroberto Pasquale5ORCID,Bracale Umberto Marcello6ORCID,Serra Raffaele27ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Law, Economics, and Sociology, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

2. Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

3. Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

4. Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy

5. Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

6. Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy

7. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

Abstract

Vascular graft or endograft infection (VGEI) is a complex disease that complicates vascular-surgery and endovascular-surgery procedures and determines high morbidity and mortality. This review article provides the most updated general evidence on the pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of VGEI. Several microorganisms are involved in VGEI development, but the most frequent one, responsible for over 75% of infections, is Staphylococcus aureus. Specific clinical, surgical, radiologic, and laboratory criteria are pivotal for the diagnosis of VGEI. Surgery and antimicrobial therapy are cornerstones in treatment for most patients with VGEI. For patients unfit for surgery, alternative treatment is available to improve the clinical course of VGEI.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Earth and Planetary Sciences,General Environmental Science

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