Weight Loss Is a Strong Predictor of Memory Disorder Independent of Genetic Influences

Author:

Chen Sunny12ORCID,Sarasua Sara M.2ORCID,Davis Nicole J.2,DeLuca Jane M.2,Thielke Stephen M.3,Yu Chang-En14

Affiliation:

1. Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Puget Sound VA Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA

2. Healthcare Genetics Program, School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA

3. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA

4. Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA

Abstract

Background: Past studies identified a link between weight loss and dementia, but lacked consistent conclusions. We sought to establish this link by examining the weight change profiles before and after dementia diagnosis. Methods: Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (1996–2020), we examined 13,123 participants. We conducted a nested case–control analysis to assess differences in biennial weight change profile while controlling for BMI, longevity polygenic risk scores, and APOE gene variants. Results: Participants with a memory disorder lost weight (−0.63%) biennially, whereas those without a diagnosis did not (+0.013%, p-value < 0.0001). Our case–control study shows a significant difference (p-value < 0.01) in pre-dementia % weight changes between the cases (−0.29%) and controls (0.19%), but not in post-dementia weight changes. The weight loss group have the highest risk (OR = 2.01; p-value < 0.0001) of developing a memory disorder compared to the stable weight and weight gain groups. The observations hold true after adjusting for BMI, longevity polygenic risk scores, and APOE variant in a multivariable model. Conclusions: We observe that weight loss in dementia is a physiological process independent of genetic factors associated with BMI and longevity. Pre-dementia weight loss may be an important prognostic criterion to assess a person’s risk of developing a memory disorder.

Funder

National Institute on Aging

University of Michigan

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Genetics (clinical),Genetics

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