The Potential Biological Roles of Circular RNAs in the Immune Systems of Insects to Pathogen Invasion

Author:

Abbas Muhammad Nadeem12,Kausar Saima12,Gul Isma12,Li Jisheng12,Yu Huijuan12,Dong Mengyao12,Cui Hongjuan123ORCID

Affiliation:

1. State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China

2. Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China

3. Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China

Abstract

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a newly discovered class of endogenously expressed non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). They are highly stable, covalently closed molecules that frequently exhibit tissue-specific expression in eukaryotes. A small number of circRNAs are abundant and have been remarkably conserved throughout evolution. Numerous circRNAs are known to play important biological roles by acting as microRNAs (miRNAs) or protein inhibitors (‘sponges’), by regulating the function of proteins, or by being translated themselves. CircRNAs have distinct cellular functions due to structural and production differences from mRNAs. Recent advances highlight the importance of characterizing circRNAs and their targets in a variety of insect species in order to fully understand how they contribute to the immune responses of these insects. Here, we focus on the recent advances in our understanding of the biogenesis of circRNAs, regulation of their abundance, and biological roles, such as serving as templates for translation and in the regulation of signaling pathways. We also discuss the emerging roles of circRNAs in regulating immune responses to various microbial pathogens. Furthermore, we describe the functions of circRNAs encoded by microbial pathogens that play in their hosts.

Funder

the National Natural Science Foundation of China

the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing

the pilot program of Southwest University, Chongqing, China

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Genetics (clinical),Genetics

Reference134 articles.

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