Identification of MicroRNA Expression Profiles Related to the Aggressiveness of Salivary Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas

Abstract

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) has been reported as the second most common carcinoma of the salivary glands. Few studies have associated miRNA expression with ACC aggressiveness. In this study, we evaluated the miRNA profile of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of salivary gland ACC patients using the NanoString platform. We studied the miRNA expression levels associated with the solid growth pattern, the more aggressive histologic feature of ACCs, compared with the tubular and cribriform growth patterns. Moreover, the perineural invasion status, a common clinicopathological feature of the disease that is frequently associated with the clinical progression of ACC, was investigated. The miRNAs showing significant differences between the study groups were selected for target prediction and functional enrichment, which included associations with the disease according to dedicated databases. We observed decreased expression of miR-181d, miR-23b, miR-455, miR-154-5p, and miR-409 in the solid growth pattern compared with tubular and cribriform growth patterns. In contrast, miR-29c, miR-140, miR-195, miR-24, miR-143, and miR-21 were overexpressed in patients with perineural invasion. Several target genes of the miRNAs identified have been associated with molecular processes involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and tumor progression. Together, these findings allowed the characterization of miRNAs potentially associated with aggressiveness in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma. Our results highlight important new miRNA expression profiles involved in ACC carcinogenesis that could be associated with the aggressive behavior of this tumor type.