Donkey Oil-Based Ketogenic Diet Prevents Tumor Progression by Regulating Intratumor Inflammation, Metastasis and Angiogenesis in CT26 Tumor-Bearing Mice

Author:

Zhang Huachen1,Xie Lan1,Zhang Ning2ORCID,Qi Xingzhen1,Lu Ting1,Xing Jingya3,Akhtar Muhammad Faheem1,Li Lanjie4,Liu Guiqin1

Affiliation:

1. College of Agronomy, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of Black Donkey, Shandong Donkey Industry Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China

2. Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China

3. Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China

4. Office of International Programs, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China

Abstract

Colon cancer is one of the typical malignant tumors, and its prevalence has increased yearly. The ketogenic diet (KD) is a low-carbohydrate and high-fat dietary regimen that inhibits tumor growth. Donkey oil (DO) is a product with a high nutrient content and a high bioavailability of unsaturated fatty acids. Current research investigated the impact of the DO-based KD (DOKD) on CT26 colon cancer in vivo. Our findings revealed that DOKD administration significantly lowered CT26+ tumor cell growth in mice, and the blood β-hydroxybutyrate levels in the DOKD group was significantly higher than those in the natural diet group. Western blot results showed that DOKD significantly down-regulated Src, hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 (Erk1/2), snail, neural cadherin (N-cadherin), vimentin, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and it significantly up-regulated the expressions of Sirt3, S100a9, interleukin (IL)-17, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), MyD88, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Meanwhile, in vitro validation results showed that LW6 (a HIF-1α inhibitor) significantly down-regulated the expressions of HIF-1α, N-cadherin, vimentin, MMP9, and VEGFA, which supported those of the in vivo findings. Furthermore, we found that DOKD inhibited CT26+ tumor cell growth by regulating inflammation, metastasis, and angiogenesis by activating the IL-17/TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway and inhibiting the activation of the Src/HIF-1α/Erk1/2/Snail/N-cadherin/Vimentin/MMP9 and Erk1/2/HIF-1α/STAT3/VEGFA pathways. Our findings suggest that DOKD may suppress colon cancer progression and help prevent colon cancer cachexia.

Funder

Donkey innovation team of Shandong modern agricultural industry technology system

Rural Revitalization science and technology innovation promotion action plan project of Shandong

Doctoral Research Project of Liaocheng University

Open Project of Animal Science of Liaocheng University

Open Project of Liaocheng Universtiy Animal Husbandry Discipline

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Genetics (clinical),Genetics

Reference78 articles.

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5. Multi-dimensional roles of ketone bodies in cancer biology: Opportunities for cancer therapy;Feng;Pharmacol. Res.,2019

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