Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Türkiye Bread Wheat Genotypes Revealed by Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) Markers

Author:

Türkoğlu Aras1ORCID,Haliloğlu Kamil2ORCID,Mohammadi Seyyed Abolgahasem3ORCID,Öztürk Ali2,Bolouri Parisa2ORCID,Özkan Güller4,Bocianowski Jan5ORCID,Pour-Aboughadareh Alireza6ORCID,Jamshidi Bita7

Affiliation:

1. Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42310 Konya, Turkey

2. Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey

3. Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran

4. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey

5. Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland

6. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 31585-854, Iran

7. Department of Food Security and Public Health, Khabat Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil 44001, Iraq

Abstract

Wheat genotypes should be improved through available germplasm genetic diversity to ensure food security. This study investigated the molecular diversity and population structure of a set of Türkiye bread wheat genotypes using 120 microsatellite markers. Based on the results, 651 polymorphic alleles were evaluated to determine genetic diversity and population structure. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 19, with an average of 5.44 alleles per locus. Polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.031 to 0.915 with a mean of 0.43. In addition, the gene diversity index ranged from 0.03 to 0.92 with an average of 0.46. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 0.359 with a mean of 0.124. The unbiased expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 0.319 with an average of 0.112. The mean values of the number of effective alleles (Ne), genetic diversity of Nei (H) and Shannon’s information index (I) were estimated at 1.190, 1.049 and 0.168, respectively. The highest genetic diversity (GD) was estimated between genotypes G1 and G27. In the UPGMA dendrogram, the 63 genotypes were grouped into three clusters. The three main coordinates were able to explain 12.64, 6.38 and 4.90% of genetic diversity, respectively. AMOVA revealed diversity within populations at 78% and between populations at 22%. The current populations were found to be highly structured. Model-based cluster analyses classified the 63 genotypes studied into three subpopulations. The values of F-statistic (Fst) for the identified subpopulations were 0.253, 0.330 and 0.244, respectively. In addition, the expected values of heterozygosity (He) for these sub-populations were recorded as 0.45, 0.46 and 0.44, respectively. Therefore, SSR markers can be useful not only in genetic diversity and association analysis of wheat but also in its germplasm for various agronomic traits or mechanisms of tolerance to environmental stresses.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Genetics (clinical),Genetics

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