Genetic Control of Avian Migration: Insights from Studies in Latitudinal Passerine Migrants

Author:

Sharma Aakansha1ORCID,Sur Sayantan1,Tripathi Vatsala2,Kumar Vinod3

Affiliation:

1. IndoUS Center in Chronobiology, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India

2. Department of Zoology, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110003, India

3. IndoUS Center in Chronobiology, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India

Abstract

Twice-a-year, large-scale movement of billions of birds across latitudinal gradients is one of the most fascinating behavioral phenomena seen among animals. These seasonal voyages in autumn southwards and in spring northwards occur within a discrete time window and, as part of an overall annual itinerary, involve close interaction of the endogenous rhythm at several levels with prevailing photoperiod and temperature. The overall success of seasonal migrations thus depends on their close coupling with the other annual sub-cycles, namely those of the breeding, post-breeding recovery, molt and non-migratory periods. There are striking alterations in the daily behavior and physiology with the onset and end of the migratory period, as shown by the phase inversions in behavioral (a diurnal passerine bird becomes nocturnal and flies at night) and neural activities. Interestingly, there are also differences in the behavior, physiology and regulatory strategies between autumn and spring (vernal) migrations. Concurrent molecular changes occur in regulatory (brain) and metabolic (liver, flight muscle) tissues, as shown in the expression of genes particularly associated with 24 h timekeeping, fat accumulation and the overall metabolism. Here, we present insights into the genetic basis of migratory behavior based on studies using both candidate and global gene expression approaches in passerine migrants, with special reference to Palearctic-Indian migratory blackheaded and redheaded buntings.

Funder

Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India

University Grants Commission of India

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Genetics (clinical),Genetics

Reference107 articles.

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3. Alerstam, T. (1991). Bird Migration, Cambridge University Press.

4. Berthold, P. (1996). Control of Bird Migration, Chapman and Hall.

5. Berthold, P., Gwinner, E., and Sonnenschein, E. (2003). Avian Migration, Springer.

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