Metabarcoding of Antarctic Lichens from Areas with Different Deglaciation Times Reveals a High Diversity of Lichen-Associated Communities

Author:

Beck Andreas12ORCID,Casanova-Katny Angélica3ORCID,Gerasimova Julia1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. SNSB-Botanische Staatssammlung München, 80638 Munich, Germany

2. GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany

3. Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Vegetal y Cambio Climático, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile

Abstract

Lichens have developed numerous adaptations to optimise their survival under harsh abiotic stress, colonise different substrates, and reach substantial population sizes and high coverage in ice-free Antarctic areas, benefiting from a symbiotic lifestyle. As lichen thalli represent consortia with an unknown number of participants, it is important to know about the accessory organisms and their relationships with various environmental conditions. To this end, we analysed lichen-associated communities from Himantormia lugubris, Placopsis antarctica, P. contortuplicata, and Ramalina terebrata, collected from soils with differing deglaciation times, using a metabarcoding approach. In general, many more Ascomycete taxa are associated with the investigated lichens compared to Basidiomycota. Given our sampling, a consistently higher number of lichen-associated eukaryotes are estimated to be present in areas with deglaciation times of longer than 5000 years compared to more recently deglaciated areas. Thus far, members of Dothideomycetes, Leotiomycetes, and Arthoniomycetes have been restricted to the Placopsis specimens from areas with deglaciation times longer than 5000 years. Striking differences between the associated organisms of R. terebrata and H. lugubris have also been discovered. Thus, a species-specific basidiomycete, Tremella, was revealed for R. terebrata, as was a member of Capnodiales for H. lugubris. Our study provides further understanding of the complex terricolous lichen-associated mycobiome using the metabarcoding approach. It also illustrates the necessity to extend our knowledge of complex lichen symbiosis and further improve the coverage of microbial eukaryotes in DNA barcode libraries, including more extended sampling.

Funder

Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns

National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development

Instituto Antártico Chileno

DFG

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Genetics (clinical),Genetics

Reference64 articles.

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