The Persistent, Pernicious Use of Pushbacks against Children and Adults in Search of Safety

Author:

Bochenek Michael Garcia12

Affiliation:

1. Human Rights Watch, New York, NY 10118-3299, USA

2. Institute for the Study of Human Rights, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA

Abstract

Border pushbacks, including at the European Union’s external borders and by countries such as Australia, Mexico, Turkey, and the United States, are common—and in fact have become a new normal. These border policing or other operations aim to prevent people from reaching, entering, or remaining in a territory. Screening for protection needs is summary or non-existent. Pushbacks violate the international prohibitions of collective expulsion and refoulement, and pushbacks of children are inconsistent with the best interests principle and other children’s rights standards. Excessive force, other ill-treatment, family separation, and other rights violations may also accompany pushback operations. Despite formidable obstacles such as weak oversight mechanisms, undue judicial deference to the executive, and official ambivalence, domestic court rulings and other initiatives show some promise in securing compliance with international standards and affording a measure of accountability.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Earth and Planetary Sciences,General Environmental Science

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