Protein Kinase D1 Signaling in Cancer Stem Cells with Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity

Author:

Guo YichenORCID,Jiang Yinan,Rose J. Bart,Nagaraju Ganji PurnachandraORCID,Jaskula-Sztul Renata,Hjelmeland Anita B.,Beck Adam W.,Chen Herbert,Ren Bin

Abstract

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are extremely diverse and highly vascularized neoplasms that arise from endocrine cells in the pancreas. The pNETs harbor a subpopulation of stem cell-like malignant cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), which contribute to intratumoral heterogeneity and promote tumor maintenance and recurrence. In this study, we demonstrate that CSCs in human pNETs co-express protein kinase PKD1 and CD44. We further identify PKD1 signaling as a critical pathway in the control of CSC maintenance in pNET cells. PKD1 signaling regulates the expression of a CSC- and EMT-related gene signature and promotes CSC self-renewal, likely leading to the preservation of a subpopulation of CSCs at an intermediate EMT state. This suggests that the PKD1 signaling pathway may be required for the development of a unique CSC phenotype with plasticity and partial EMT. Given that the signaling networks connected with CSC maintenance and EMT are complex, and extend through multiple levels of regulation, this study provides insight into signaling regulation of CSC plasticity and partial EMT in determining the fate of CSCs. Inhibition of the PKD1 pathway may facilitate the elimination of specific CSC subsets, thereby curbing tumor progression and metastasis.

Funder

Bioengineering Surgery Collaborative Award

Robert Reed Foundation

O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center Research Investment Program

University of Alabama at Birmingham, and the National Institute of Health

American Cancer Society

American Heart Association

Ann’s Hope Foundation

Breast Cancer Research Foundation of Alabama

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

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