Pediatric Solid Cancers: Dissecting the Tumor Microenvironment to Improve the Results of Clinical Immunotherapy

Author:

Belgiovine Cristina12ORCID,Mebelli Kristiana2,Raffaele Alessandro2ORCID,De Cicco Marica3,Rotella Jessica4,Pedrazzoli Paolo56,Zecca Marco4ORCID,Riccipetitoni Giovanna12,Comoli Patrizia3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche, Diagnostiche e Pediatriche, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy

2. SC Chirurgia Pediatrica, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy

3. SSD Cell Factory e Center for Advanced Therapies, Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy

4. SC Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy

5. Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy

6. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy

Abstract

Despite advances in their diagnosis and treatment, pediatric cancers remain among the leading causes of death in childhood. The development of immunotherapies and other forms of targeted therapies has significantly changed the prognosis of some previously incurable cancers in the adult population. However, so far, the results in pediatric cohorts are disappointing, which is mainly due to differences in tumor biology, including extreme heterogeneity and a generally low tumor mutational burden. A central role in the limited efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches is played by the peculiar characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in pediatric cancer, with the scarcity of tumor infiltration by T cells and the abundance of stromal cells endowed with lymphocyte suppressor and tumor-growth-promoting activity. Thus, progress in the treatment of pediatric solid tumors will likely be influenced by the ability to modify the TME while delivering novel, more effective therapeutic agents. In this review, we will describe the TME composition in pediatric solid tumors and illustrate recent advances in treatment for the modulation of immune cells belonging to the TME.

Funder

Ministry of Health

Fondazione Just Italia

Publisher

MDPI AG

Cited by 1 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献 订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

1. Neuroblastoma—A Review of Combination Immunotherapy;International Journal of Molecular Sciences;2024-07-15

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