Fabrication of Solvent-Free PCL/β-TCP Composite Fiber for 3D Printing: Physiochemical and Biological Investigation

Author:

Ngo Sin Ting1,Lee Wei-Fang2,Wu Yi-Fan3ORCID,Salamanca Eisner3,Aung Lwin Moe3ORCID,Chao Yan-Qiao3,Tsao Ting-Chia3,Hseuh Hao-Wen3,Lee Yi-Huan4,Wang Ching-Chiung156,Chang Wei-Jen37

Affiliation:

1. Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan

2. School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan

3. School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan

4. Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan

5. School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan

6. Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan

7. Dental Department, Taipei Medical University, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei 235, Taiwan

Abstract

Manufacturing three-dimensional (3D) objects with polymers/bioceramic composite materials has been investigated in recent years. In this study, we manufactured and evaluated solvent-free polycaprolactone (PCL) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) composite fiber as a scaffold material for 3D printing. To investigate the optimal ratio of feedstock material for 3D printing, the physical and biological characteristics of four different ratios of β-TCP compounds mixed with PCL were investigated. PCL/β-TCP ratios of 0 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 20 wt.%, and 30 wt.% were fabricated, with PCL melted at 65 °C and blended with β-TCP with no solvent added during the fabrication process. Electron microscopy revealed an even distribution of β-TCP in the PCL fibers, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that the biomaterial compounds remained intact after the heating and manufacturing process. In addition, adding 20% β-TCP into the PCL/β-TCP mixture significantly increased hardness and Young’s Modulus by 10% and 26.5%, respectively, suggesting that PCL-20 has better resistance to deformation under load. Cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity, osteogenic gene expression, and mineralization were also observed to increase according to the amount of β-TCP added. Cell viability and ALPase activity were 20% higher with PCL-30, while upregulation for osteoblast-related gene expression was better with PCL-20. In conclusion, PCL-20 and PCL-30 fibers fabricated without solvent exhibited excellent mechanical properties, high biocompatibility, and high osteogenic ability, making them promising materials for 3D printing customized bone scaffolds promptly, sustainably, and cost-effectively.

Funder

Ministry of Science and Technology

University System of Taipei

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Polymers and Plastics,General Chemistry

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