Manufacture and Characterization of Polylactic Acid Filaments Recycled from Real Waste for 3D Printing

Abstract

This paper studies the thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties of 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) blends of virgin and recycled material in the following proportions: 100/0, 25/75, 50/50, and 75/25, respectively. Real waste, used as recycled content, was shredded and sorted by size without a washing step. Regular dog-bone specimens were 3D printed from filaments, manufactured in a single screw extruder. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that adding PLA debris to raw material did not significantly impact the thermal stability of the 3D-printed samples and showed that virgin and recycled PLA degraded at almost the same temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed a significant reduction in crystallinity with increasing recycled content. Scanning electron microscopy showed a more homogenous structure for specimens from 100% pure PLA, as well as a more heterogeneous one for PLA blends. The tensile strength of the PLA blends increased by adding more recycled material, from 44.20 ± 2.18 MPa for primary PLA to 52.61 ± 2.28 MPa for the blend with the highest secondary PLA content. However, this study suggests that the mechanical properties of the reprocessed parts and their basic association are unique compared with those made up of virgin material.