Rapid and Accurate Ecotoxicological Assessment of Heavy Metals Using Cyprinus carpio Cells

Abstract

Heavy metals have serious negative effects on various aquatic organisms, and therefore rapid and accurate ecotoxicological assessments of heavy metals are necessary. Fish-derived cells sensitive to heavy metals have been used as valuable tools for ecotoxicological assessments. However, this method requires a minimum toxicity treatment time of 96 h, which limits its use when rapid ecotoxicological assessments are required or ecotoxicological assessments of a large number of toxicants are performed. In this study, these limitations were overcome by adjusting parameters including the concentration of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the medium and the treatment time of the toxicant. Specifically, we found that the maximum time for fish cells to remain unstarved was 6 h when using a medium containing 1% FBS. We applied both parameters to the ecotoxicological assessment (using a medium containing 1% FBS for the toxicity assessment and treating the toxicant for only 6 h). Surprisingly, these adjusted parameters allowed us to obtain faster and more accurate data than the traditional assessment. This improvement was due to the new assessment conditions that minimized the possibility that the growth-inducing effects of nutrients present in excess in the medium could interfere with the cellular response to the toxicant. The accuracy of this assessment was not limited to measuring the toxicity of heavy metals. In conclusion, we have established an ecotoxicity assessment that can generate rapid and accurate data on heavy metals. This new platform will become the cornerstone of rapid and accurate ecotoxicity assessments of heavy metals.