Extraction of Cobalt and Manganese from Ferromanganese Crusts Using Industrial Metal Waste through Leaching

Author:

Pérez Kevin1,Toro Norman2ORCID,Robles Pedro3ORCID,Galleguillos Madrid Felipe M.4ORCID,Gálvez Edelmira5,González Francisco Javier6ORCID,Marino Egidio6ORCID,Castillo Jonathan7ORCID,Jamett Ingrid8,Hernández Pía C.18ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Procesos de Minerales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile

2. Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1110939, Chile

3. Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile

4. Centro de Desarrollo Energético Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile

5. Departamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Minas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile

6. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME-CSIC), Ríos Rosas, 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain

7. Departamento de Ingeniería en Metalurgia, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó 1531772, Chile

8. Centro de Economía Circular en Procesos Industriales (CECPI), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile

Abstract

Ferromanganese crusts are mineral resources distributed in the planet’s oceans. These deep-sea minerals stand out for their abundance and diversity of metals, with Mn and Co being the most abundant elements. These minerals are a good alternative to diversify the extraction of elements, which today are found at low grades on the Earth’s surface. For the co-processing of ferromanganese crusts to recover Co and Mn, there are few studies. These generally worked with the use of a reducing agent, and in many cases previous roasting processes. In the present investigation, two ferromanganese crusts that were collected from two seamounts in the central eastern Atlantic Ocean were characterized. Subsequently, these crusts were leached in an acid-reducing medium, adding steel waste (slag) with 99.73% Fe3O4 and 0.27% metallic iron from the steel industry as a reducing agent. Acid-reducing processes have previously been shown to yield high and rapid recoveries of Co and Mn from seabed minerals. However, there is no previous study using smelting slag as a reducing agent for the treatment of ferromanganese crusts. The best results of this research were obtained when working at 60 C, achieving joint extractions of Co and Mn of ~80% and ~40%, respectively, in 10 min. In addition, the process residues were analyzed, and the formation of contaminating elements or the precipitation of Co and Mn species was not observed.

Funder

European Horizon project

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference39 articles.

1. Seamount Mineral Deposits: A Source of Rare Metals for High-Technology Industries;Hein;Oceanography,2010

2. Cavalcanti, J.A.D., and Santos, R.V. (2022). Ferromanganese Crust: Is a Type of Cenozoic Black Stromatolite in Seabed? The Case of the Rio Grande Rise, South Atlantic Ocean. Int. J. Paleobiol. Paleontol., 5.

3. Seamount Characteristics and Mine-Site Model Applied to Exploration- and Min-ing-Lease-Block Selection for Cobalt-Rich Ferromanganese Crusts;Hein;Mar. Georesources Geotechnol.,2009

4. Ferro-manganese Crusts of the Vietnam Margin, Central South China Sea: Composition and Genesis;Konstantinova;Mar. Geol.,2022

5. Cronan, D.S. (2000). Handbook of Marine Mineral Deposits, CRC Press.

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