Screening of Rhizobacterial Isolates from Apple Rhizosphere for Their Biocontrol and Plant Growth Promotion Activity

Author:

Jabiri Salma12,Legrifi Ikram13ORCID,Benhammou Majda3,Laasli Salah-Eddine1ORCID,Mokrini Fouad4ORCID,Amraoui Mohammed Bendriss2ORCID,Lahlali Rachid15ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole National d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknes 50001, Morocco

2. Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fès-Atlas, B.P. 1796, Fes 30050, Morocco

3. Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Route d’Imouzzer, Fez 30000, Morocco

4. National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), CRRA, Rabat 10090, Morocco

5. Plant Pathology Laboratory, AgroBioSciences, College of Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco

Abstract

Apple crops are prone to several diseases that limit their production—in particular, root rot caused by a new genus of oomycetes, mainly Phytopythium vexans. This study aims to screen antagonistic bacteria that can play an important role in the biological control of this pathogenic oomycete and to evaluate their capacity to promote plant growth. The dual culture test revealed that, out of 200 bacterial isolates, 16 have been able to inhibit the mycelial growth of P. vexans with inhibition rates greater than 50%. The selected isolates were identified based on the 16S rDNA genes: 14 bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus, Stenotrophomonas, and the family Enterobacteriaceae. Notably, two isolates, B1 and M2-6 (identified as Bacillus velezensis), demonstrated the highest inhibition rates of 70% and 68%, respectively. These selected isolates were examined for their ability to produce different compounds related to biocontrol and plant growth promotion. Furthermore, the 16 selected isolates were evaluated for their ability to produce compounds associated with biocontrol and plant growth promotion, including hydrolytic enzymes (cellulases, proteases, and amylases), HCN (hydrogen cyanide) production, phosphate solubilization, IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) production, pectinase production, and stimulation of sorghum bicolor growth in vivo. Variations were observed among the bacterial isolates in terms of their compound production and phytostimulation capabilities. However, the secretion of proteases was consistently detected in all antagonistic isolates. The presence of genes responsible for the production of antifungal lipopeptides (bacillomycin, fengycin, and iturin) in the selected bacterial isolates was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, while the absence of genes involved in surfactin biosynthesis was also confirmed through PCR studies. These isolates demonstrated inhibitory activity through the production of proteases and antifungal lipopeptides. Further research is needed to explore their potential use in biological control strategies and to improve apple crop productivity.

Funder

Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknes

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Earth and Planetary Sciences,General Environmental Science

Reference100 articles.

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