Dynamic Performance Evaluation of the Secondary Control in Islanded Microgrids Considering Frequency-Dependent Load Models

Abstract

Performance analysis is challenging in modern power distribution networks due to the increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) interfaced by voltage source converters (VSCs). Parameter uncertainty, black-box models of the components, and low inertia are some of the issues that must be addressed. The latter can represent high vulnerabilities to sudden load changes in a microgrid (MG). Additionally, the islanded operation represents a challenge for inverter-based (DERs), where secondary control must regulate the microgrid frequency and voltage to its nominal values. When a secondary control strategy is implemented, it is necessary to validate its performance under several conditions. Most existing research papers focus on the microgrid’s small-signal and transient stability. At the same time, little has been done on the influence of the load model on voltage stability. This type of analysis is required to ensure an adequate transition between the grid-connected and stand-alone modes. This paper provides a voltage stability analysis of a microgrid, considering secondary control based on receding horizon and frequency-dependent load models. Simulation results demonstrate the robust performance of the secondary control and validate the importance of considering or adapting voltage stability indices to ensure adequate microgrid performance.