Impact of a Mindfulness and Self-Care Program on the Psychological Flexibility and Well-Being of Parents with Children Diagnosed with ADHD

Abstract

Families with children who have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tend to display unpleasant psychological reactions arising from the pressure exerted by the social and school context, and from experiences linked to difficulties their children have. The present research seeks to examine the effectiveness of a mindfulness program on various dimensions related to well-being and psychological flexibility in parents of children with ADHD. The program is based on protocols of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), enhanced through the specific inclusion of relational keys, self-compassion exercises and framed within self-care. Participants were 22 fathers and mothers of children and teenagers diagnosed with ADHD. Psychological flexibility (AAQ II), cognitive fusion (CFQ), mindfulness (FFMQ), coping (COPE), and self-compassion (SCS) measures were used. Results showed a significant increase in mindfulness skills, psychological flexibility, self-compassion, and in the use of humor (COPE) as a strategy for coping with personal problematic events. We discuss the results which emerged, the limitations of the study, as well as proposals for improvement.