Low-Dose Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography for the Early Detection of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Selected Patients with Systemic Sclerosis Whose Resting Echocardiography Is Non-Diagnostic for Pulmonary Hypertension

Abstract

Background: Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) has limited application in systemic sclerosis (SSc). We examined DSE usefulness in revealing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in selected SSc patients whose resting echocardiography for pulmonary hypertension (PH) was non-diagnostic. Methods: Forty SSc patients underwent right heart catheterization (RHC) and, simultaneously, low-dose DSE (incremental doses up to 20 μg/kg/min). Inclusion criteria were: preserved left and right ventricular (RV) function (tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion [TAPSE] ≥ 16 mm and tissue Doppler imaging-derived systolic velocity of tricuspid annulus [RVS’] > 10 cm/s), normal pulmonary function tests, and baseline maximal tricuspid regurgitation (TR) velocity of 2.7–3.2 m/s. Results: Of 36 patients who completed DSE, resting RHC diagnosed PAH in 12 patients (33.3%). At 20 μg/kg/min, patients with PAH had higher TR velocity, higher pulmonary arterial pressure measured by RHC, and lower RV inotropic response compared with patients without PAH. A cut-off value of maximal TR velocity >3.1 m/s had a sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 84.2%, and an accuracy of 82.4% for the detection of PAH. Conclusions: Low-dose DSE has a satisfactory diagnostic accuracy for the early detection of PAH in highly selected SSc patients whose baseline echocardiographic measurements for PH lie in the gray zone.