Effects of Vine Water Status on Malate Metabolism and γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Pathway-Related Amino Acids in Marselan (Vitis vinifera L.) Grape Berries
Author:
Zhan Zhennan12, Zhang Yanxia13, Geng Kangqi1, Xue Xiaobin4, Deloire Alain5, Li Dongmei4, Wang Zhenping14
Affiliation:
1. School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China 2. Ningxia Wine and Desertifcation Control Vocational and Technical College, Yinchuan 750199, China 3. Shanxi Academy Agricultural Sciences, Pomology Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030006, China 4. School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China 5. Department of Biology-Ecology, L’Institut Agro, University of Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France
Abstract
Malic acid is the predominant organic acid in grape berries, and its content is affected by abiotic factors such as temperature (fruit zone microclimate) and water (vine water status). The objectives of this study were to explore the potential mechanisms behind the effects of vine water status on the biosynthesis and degradation of berry malic acid and the potential downstream effects on berry metabolism. This study was conducted over two growing seasons in 2021 and 2022, comprising three watering regimes: no water stress (CK), light water stress (LWS), and moderate water stress (MWS). Compared to CK, a significantly higher level of malic acid was found in berries from the MWS treatment when the berry was still hard and green (E-L 33) in both years. However, water stress reduced the malic acid content at the ripe berry harvest (E-L 38) stage. The activities of NAD-malate dehydrogenase (NAD-MDH) and pyruvate kinase (PK) were enhanced by water stress. Except for the E-L 33 stage, the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) was reduced by water stress. The highest phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity was observed at the berry veraison (E-L 35) stage and coincided with the onset of a decrease in the malate content. Meanwhile, the expression of VvPEPCK was consistent with its enzyme activity. This study showed that water stress changed the content of some free amino acids (GABA, proline, leucine, aspartate, and glutamate), two of which (glutamate and GABA) are primary metabolites of the GABA pathway.
Funder
Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Agriculture and rural areas: National Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System National Natural Science Foundation of China Science Technology Foundation of Higher Education of Ningxia
Subject
Plant Science,Health Professions (miscellaneous),Health (social science),Microbiology,Food Science
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