Seismic Signal Analysis Based on Variational Mode Decomposition and Hilbert Transform for Ground Intrusion Activity Classification

Abstract

The identification of ground intrusion is a key and important technology in the national public security field. In this paper, a novel variational mode decomposition (VMD) and Hilbert transform (HT) is proposed for the classification of seismic signals generated by ground intrusion activities using a seismic sensing system. Firstly, the representative seismic data, including bicycles, vehicles, footsteps, excavations, and environmental noises, were collected through the designed experiment. Secondly, each original datum is decomposed through VMD and five Band-limited intrinsic mode functions (BIMF) are obtained, respectively, which will be used to generate a corresponding marginal spectrum that can reflect the actual frequency component of the signal accurately by HT. Then, three features related to the marginal spectrum, including marginal spectrum energy, marginal spectrum entropy, and marginal spectrum dominant frequency, are extracted for the analysis of the multi-classification using the support vector machine (SVM) classifier with the LIBSVM library. For the sake of testing and verifying the effectiveness of the proposed variational mode decomposition and Hilbert transform (VMD-HT) technique, the evaluation indicators including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-Score are used and the results are compared with the time domain, frequency domain, ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), and empirical wavelet transform (EWT) combined with the HT analysis method. The performance of the VMD-HT method for ground intrusion activity classification provides an average value of 99.50%, 98.76%, 98.76%, and 98.75% for the four evaluation indicators, which are higher than all the other contrasted methods.