Primary Signet-Ring-Cell Carcinoma in the Colorectum: A Case-Based Literature Review

Abstract

Primary colorectal signet-ring-cell carcinoma of the colon and rectum (PSRCCR) is an extremely rare subtype of mucinous adenocarcinoma with a reported rate of less than 1%. This low rate is mainly because it is generally diagnosed at advanced stages. The most common stage at which it is diagnosed for the first time is III or IV, with a lower median survival than other histological subtypes. To diagnose PSRCCR of the colon, at least half of the tumor must be consistent with a signet-ring-cell pattern. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of PSRCCR by synthesizing the existing literature and clinical data. Our objective was to elucidate the clinical features, diagnostic challenges, histopathological characteristics, molecular alterations, treatment modalities, and prognostic factors associated with this carcinoma. Additionally, we highlighted the significance of early detection, accurate diagnosis, and personalized therapeutic approaches in improving outcomes for patients with this challenging malignancy. By presenting a case report on the topic, we aimed to enhance understanding among clinicians, pathologists, and researchers, ultimately contributing to optimized management strategies and improved patient care for PSRCCR.