Recommended Separation Distances for 1.3 Ammunition and Explosives-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Recommended Separation Distances for 1.3 Ammunition and Explosives

Published:2023-08-24 Issue:9 Volume:6 Page:331
ISSN:2571-6255
Container-title:Fire
language:en
Short-container-title:Fire

Author:

Guymon Clint¹²^ORCID,Liu Ming³,Covino Josephine⁴

Affiliation:

1. Safety Management Services, Inc., West Jordan, UT 84088, USA

2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA

3. Naval Facilities Engineering and Expeditionary Warfare Center, Port Hueneme, CA 93043, USA

4. Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board, Alexandria, VA 22350, USA

Abstract

Separation Distances are used throughout the world to protect people and assets from the potential hazardous effects from propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics. The current separation distances for Hazard Division (HD) 1.3 substances and articles used in the United States, in some cases, may not adequately protect against the effects from heat flux and debris when those substances and articles are ignited in a confined structure. Multiple tests in such a confined scenario with HD 1.3 substances have shown that the heat flux and debris hazards could result in injury at distances beyond the current specified explosives safety separation distance (ESSD). Herein are the recommended ESSDs for confined as well as unconfined HD 1.3 articles and substances based on the analysis of hundreds of tests. Recommended ESSDs include a smaller value for unconfined quantities less than 145 kg and ESSDs that are consistent with NATO distances for confined substances and articles.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous),Safety Research,Environmental Science (miscellaneous),Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality,Building and Construction,Forestry

Link

https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/6/9/331/pdf

Reference24 articles.

1. (2020). Standard No. DESR 6055.09_AFMAN 91-201.

2. Boggs, T.L., Ford, K.P., and Covino, J. (2023, August 23). Realistic Safe-Separation Distance Determination for Mass Fire Hazards. Defense Technical Information Center: Fort Belvoir, VA, USA, 2013; NAWCWD TM 8668. Available online: https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA587077.pdf.

3. Farmer, A., Ford, K.P., Covino, J., Boggs, T.L., and Atwood, A.I. (2023, August 23). Combustion of Hazard Division 1.3 M1 Gun Propellant in a Reinforced Concrete Structure. Defense Technical Information Center: Fort Belvoir, VA, USA, 2015; NAWCWD TM8742. Available online: https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA622373.pdf.

4. Covino, J., Romo, C.P., Phillips, J.W., Atwood, A.I., and Boggs, T.L. (2018, January 6–9). Combustion Behavior and Quantity Distance (QD) Siting. Proceedings of the 2018 International Explosives Safety Symposium and Exposition, San Diego, DC, USA.

5. Guymon, C.G. (2018, January 13–14). Integrated Violence Model (IVM) of 1.3 Events. Proceedings of the 2018 NDIA Conference, Springfield, VA, USA.