Predicting Wearing-Off of Parkinson’s Disease Patients Using a Wrist-Worn Fitness Tracker and a Smartphone: A Case Study

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients experience varying symptoms related to their illness. Therefore, each patient needs a tailored treatment program from their doctors. One approach is the use of anti-PD medicines. However, a “wearing-off” phenomenon occurs when these medicines lose their effect. As a result, patients start to experience the symptoms again until their next medicine intake. In the long term, the duration of “wearing-off” begins to shorten. Thus, patients and doctors have to work together to manage PD symptoms effectively. This study aims to develop a prediction model that can determine the “wearing-off” of anti-PD medicine. We used fitness tracker data and self-reported symptoms from a smartphone application in a real-world environment. Two participants wore the fitness tracker for a month while reporting any symptoms using the Wearing-Off Questionnaire (WoQ-9) on a smartphone application. Then, we processed and combined the datasets for each participant’s models. Our analysis produced prediction models for each participant. The average balanced accuracy with the best hyperparameters was at 70.0–71.7% for participant 1 and 76.1–76.9% for participant 2, suggesting that our approach would be helpful to manage the “wearing-off” of anti-PD medicine, motor fluctuations of PD patients, and customized treatment for PD patients.