May Patients with Recurrent Venous Disease Benefit from Sequential Treatment More than Those without Previous Intervention? A Single-Center Retrospective Study on the Safety and Efficacy of Abdominal and Pelvic Veins Embolization in Sequential Approach

Abstract

Background/Objective: The endovenous embolization of insufficient abdominal/pelvic veins is the preferred method of treatment. Also, it seems to be crucial in the treatment of lower limb vein insufficiency, particularly in recurrent disease. This study aimed to evaluate of pelvic vein embolization safety and its impact on the short-term outcome in the sequential treatment of venous disease. Methods: A retrospective analysis involved data from 506 female patients with venous disease involving abdominal and pelvic veins. All records were extracted from the medical database and included patient history, imaging reports as well as pre- and post-operative surveys. Results: Among the patients analyzed, 37.2% underwent some venous intervention in the past, with significant differences in symptom severity between groups. The embolization procedure revealed a high safety profile, with no serious complications. Pain during and after the procedure was generally low, with significantly lower pain scores in patients with recurrence. In patients who required left renal vein venoplasty a 1.7-fold increased risk of lumbar pain after embolization and venoplasty procedure was observed. Overall, 66.6% of patients reported improvement in pelvic symptoms and 72.1% experienced improvement in leg symptoms. The full sequential treatment protocol (abdominal, pelvic, and leg compartment) demonstrated superior outcomes in leg symptom improvement compared to embolization alone. Conclusions: Pelvic vein embolization is a safe and effective method of treatment, significantly improving both pelvic and leg symptoms, particularly in patients with a history of previous interventions in lower limb veins. Further studies are warranted to validate our findings and further refine treatment protocols.