Reconstructed Malacothermometer July Paleotemperatures from the Last Nine Glacials over the South-Eastern Carpathian Basin (Serbia)

Author:

Radaković Milica G.1ORCID,Oches Eric A.2ORCID,Hughes Philip D.3ORCID,Marković Rastko S.4,Hao Qingzhen5ORCID,Perić Zoran M.6ORCID,Gavrilović Bojan7,Ludwig Patrick8ORCID,Lukić Tin1ORCID,Gavrilov Milivoj B.1,Marković Slobodan B.19

Affiliation:

1. Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia

2. Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bentley University, Waltham, MA 02452, USA

3. Department of Geography, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

4. Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Niš, Višegradska 11, 18000 Niš, Serbia

5. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

6. Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden

7. Institute of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 3, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia

8. Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76137 Karlsruhe, Germany

9. Department of Mathematics, Physics and Geosciences, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Kneza Miloša 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract

In this study, the compiled malacological record of the two most important loess–palaeosol sequences (LPS) in Serbia was used to reconstruct the Malacothermometer July Paleotemperature (MTJP) of the last nine glacials. The sieved loess samples yielded shells of 11 terrestrial gastropod species that were used to estimate the MTJP. Veliki Surduk (covering the last three glacial cycles) and Stari Slankamen (covering the last fourth to ninth glacial cycle) LPSs previously lacked the malacological investigations. After the sieving, a total of 66,871 shells were found, from which 48,459 shells were used for the estimation of the MTJP. Through the studied period, the reconstructed MTJP was ranging from 14.4 °C to 21.5 °C. The lowest temperature was recorded during the formation of the loess unit L5, equivalent to the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 12. The second-coldest summers were occurring during the MIS 16 glacial. Although the warmest glacial was L8 (MIS 20) according to MTJP, these July temperatures might be overestimated due to only two samples from the poorly preserved L8 unit. The malacological material derived from the loess units at Veliki Surduk and Stari Slankamen LPSs showed great potential for July temperature reconstruction, as the comparison with other regional records showed similar climate changes. Further work is necessary to validate the age scale of the oldest samples, and a higher resolution sampling could lead to more detailed July temperature fluctuations, as was shown for the youngest glacial in this study. Likewise, estimating the July temperature using different proxies (e.g., pollen) from the same LPSs could be used to confirm the observed climate trends.

Funder

Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja

Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft program ‘Changing Earth—Sustaining our Future’

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Atmospheric Science,Environmental Science (miscellaneous)

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