Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebra Contributed to Lumbar Spine Degeneration: An MR Study of Clinical Patients

Abstract

We aimed to comprehensively characterize degenerative findings associated with various types of lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) on magnetic resonance images. Three hundred and fifty patients with LSTV (52.3 ± 10.9 years), including 182 Castellvi type I, 107 type II, 43 type III, and 18 type IV, and 179 controls without LSTV (50.6 ± 13.1 years), were studied. Discs, endplates, and posterior vertebral structures were assessed and compared to those of controls for the most caudal three discs on MRIs. There were no differences in degenerative findings between patients with type I LSTV and controls. For types III and IV, the transitional discs had smaller sizes, lower Pfirrmann scores, and lower rates of disc bulging (2.3% and 5.6% vs. 39.1%), osteophytes (2.3% vs. 15.1%), disc herniation (2.3% and 5.6% vs. 31.8%), and Modic changes (2.3% and 5.6% vs. 16.8%) than controls. However, the cranial discs had more severe Pfirrmann scores, disc narrowing and spinal canal narrowing, and greater rates of disc herniation (41.9% and 50.0% vs. 25.7%), endplate defects (27.9% and 33.3% vs. 14.4%) and spondylolisthesis (18.6% vs. 7.3%) than controls. Type II LSTV was associated with degenerative findings in the cranial segments but to a lesser degree, as compared with type III/IV LSTV. Thus, Castellvi type III/IV LSTV predisposed the adjacent spinal components to degeneration and protected the transitional discs. Type II LSTV had significant effects in promoting transitional and adjacent disc degeneration. Type I LSTV was not related to spinal degeneration.