The Efficacy of Single-Stage Correction by Posterior Approach for Neglected Congenital Scoliosis: Comparative Analysis According to the Age of Surgical Intervention

Abstract

Background: A single-stage correction for congenital scoliosis through a posterior-only approach is a commonly used surgical technique. However, there are few studies on the surgical treatment effect of posterior single-stage correction in patients with neglected congenital scoliosis. Methods: Patients who underwent a single-stage posterior correction for congenital scoliosis with a minimum follow-up of 2 years were divided into three groups based on age: Group A (7–11 years), B (12–18 years) and C (>18 years). A comparison of surgical, radiological, and clinical outcomes was performed for three groups. Results: The Cobb angle changed form 75 ± 18° to 37 ± 18° with a correction rate of 53%. Group A showed a significantly higher correction rate than Group B and C (all p < 0.001). The amount of blood loss in Groups B and C was significantly larger than that of Group A (p = 0.015). Pulmonary complications were significantly higher in Group C (p = 0.007). Conclusions: A single-stage correction with pedicle screws through a posterior-only approach achieved a significant correction with improved outcomes, even in neglected cases. However, the early correction for younger patients was still more beneficial in terms of bleeding loss, complications, and flexible curve correction.