Preoperative MRI and Intraoperative Monitoring Differentially Prevent Neurological Sequelae in Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgical Correction, While Curves >70 Degrees Increase the Risk of Neurophysiological Incidences

Abstract

The aim was to investigate the role of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intraoperative monitoring (IOM) in the prevention of correction-related complications in idiopathic scoliosis (IS). We conducted a retrospective case study of 129 patients with juvenile and adolescent IS. The operations took place between 2005 and 2018 in Uppsala University Hospital. Data from MRI scans and IOM were collected. The patients were divided into groups depending on Lenke’s classification, sex, major curve (MC) size, and onset age. Neurophysiological incidences were reported in ten patients (7.8%), while nine of them had no signs of intraspinal pathology. Six patients (4.7%) had transient incidences; however, in four patients (3.1%), an intervention was required for the normalization of action potentials. Three of them had an MC >70 degrees, which was significantly higher than the expected value. Eight patients (6.1%) had intraspinal pathologies, and two of them (1.5%) underwent decompression. We suggest the continuation of MRI screening preoperatively and, most importantly, the use of IOM. In three cases with no signs of pathology in the MRI, IOM prevented possible neurological injuries. MCs >70 degrees should be considered a risk factor for the occurrence of neurophysiological deficiencies that require action to be normalized.