Examining the Relationship between Adaptive Behavior and Intelligence

Abstract

Adaptive behavior and intelligence are both essential components of defining and diagnosing intellectual disability. The exact relationship between these two constructs still warrants some clarification. Previous studies have examined the correlation between adaptive behavior and intelligence and have reported differing results. Overall, there seems to be agreement that a modest to moderate correlation exists between adaptive behavior and intelligence and that the strength of this relationship may increase as ability level decreases further below the population mean. Using the Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale and a sample of 57 youth aged from 4 to 21 years old, we examined the correlation coefficients between the full-scale IQ scores and their scores obtained on conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skill domain scores, as well as the total adaptive behavior score. The results obtained indicated a modest to moderate correlation between adaptive behavior and intelligence. The strongest statistically significant correlation coefficient was between the full-scale IQ score and the conceptual adaptive skills domain score (r = 0.64). The correlation between the full-scale IQ score and the practical adaptive skills domain (r = 0.39) and social adaptive skills domain (r = 0.28; ns) were more modest. The correlation coefficient between the full-scale IQ score and the total adaptive behavior score also showed a moderate relationship with intelligence (r = 0.46). These findings are consistent with previous research, documenting that adaptive behavior and intelligence are two related but independent constructs. We discuss these findings and their implications.