Profiling the Planetary Boundary Layer Wind with a StreamLine XR Doppler LiDAR: Comparison to In-Situ Observations and WRF Model Simulations

Abstract

Halo-Photonics StreamLine XR Doppler LiDAR measurements are performed using several scan configurations (Velocity Azimuth Display-VAD and Doppler Beam Swing-DBS) and elevation angles of 60° and 80°. The measurements are compared to wind observations conducted by various in situ instruments (tethered balloon, meteorological mast, and radiosondes). Good agreement is obtained, with R2 over 0.90 for wind speed and a standard error ≤ 18.6° for wind direction. The best performance was attained for lower elevation scans (60°), which is consistent with the higher spatial horizontal homogeneity exhibited by lower angle scans. VAD and DBS scans performed almost equally well with slight advantage for VAD in higher altitudes and for DBS for lower altitudes. The boundary layer structure along a diurnal cycle is analyzed by utilizing retrieved backscatter data and wind measurements in conjunction with Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) simulations. The presence of multiple inversions which allow the coexistence of different layers within the studied profile is also verified using data acquired by several radiosondes. Synergic use of LiDAR data with WRF simulations for low SNR regions is demonstrated.