Evaluating the Effectiveness of Coagulation–Flocculation Treatment Using Aluminum Sulfate on a Polluted Surface Water Source: A Year-Long Study

Author:

Tahraoui Hichem12ORCID,Toumi Selma3,Boudoukhani Meriem4,Touzout Nabil3,Sid Asma Nour El Houda5,Amrane Abdeltif6ORCID,Belhadj Abd-Elmouneïm2,Hadjadj Mohamed7,Laichi Yacine7,Aboumustapha Mohamed7,Kebir Mohammed8ORCID,Bouguettoucha Abdellah1ORCID,Chebli Derradji1,Assadi Aymen Amin9,Zhang Jie10ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Chimiques, Department of Process Engineering, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif 42000, Algeria

2. Laboratory of Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena (LBMTP), University Yahia Fares, Médéa 26000, Algeria

3. Faculty of Sciences, University of Medea, Nouveau Pole Urbain, Medea University, Medea 26000, Algeria

4. Material and Environmental Laboratory (LME), University of Medea, Ain D’heb, Medea 26001, Algeria

5. Chemical Engineering Department, Process Engineering Faculty, University of Salah Boubnider Costantine 3, Constantine 25000, Algeria

6. Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR—UMR6226, 35000 Rennes, France

7. Center for Scientific and Technical Research in Physico-Chemical Analysis CRAPC, BP 384, Bou-Ismail 42000, Algeria

8. Research Unit on Analysis and Technological Development in Environment (URADTE-CRAPC), BP 384, Bou-Ismail 42000, Algeria

9. College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, IMSIU, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia

10. School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK

Abstract

Safeguarding drinking water is a major public health and environmental concern because it is essential to human life but may contain pollutants that can cause illness or harm the environment. Therefore, continuous research is necessary to improve water treatment methods and guarantee its quality. As part of this study, the effectiveness of coagulation–flocculation treatment using aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) was evaluated on a very polluted site. Samplings were taken almost every day for a month from the polluted site, and the samples were characterized by several physicochemical properties, such as hydrogen potential (pH), electrical conductivity, turbidity, organic matter, ammonium (NH+4), phosphate (PO43−), nitrate (NO3−), nitrite (NO2−), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), total hardness (TH), chloride (Cl−), bicarbonate (HCO3−), sulfate (SO42−), iron (Fe3+), manganese (Mn2+), aluminum (Al3+), potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), complete alkalimetric titration (TAC), and dry residue (DR). Then, these samples were treated with Al2(SO4)3 using the jar test method, which is a common method to determine the optimal amount of coagulant to add to the water based on its physicochemical characteristics. A mathematical model had been previously created using the support vector machine method to predict the dose of coagulant according to the parameters of temperature, pH, TAC, conductivity, and turbidity. This Al2(SO4)3 treatment step was repeated at the end of each month for a year, and a second characterization of the physicochemical parameters was carried out in order to compare them with those of the raw water. The results showed a very effective elimination of the various pollutions, with a very high rate, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of the Al2(SO4)3. The physicochemical parameters measured after the treatment showed a significant reduction in the majority of the physicochemical parameters. These results demonstrated that the coagulation–flocculation treatment with Al2(SO4)3 was very effective in eliminating the various pollutions present in the raw water. They also stress the importance of continued research in the field of water treatment to improve the quality of drinking water and protect public health and the environment.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Water Science and Technology,Aquatic Science,Geography, Planning and Development,Biochemistry

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