Dynamic Performances of Technological Vibrating Machines

Abstract

Based on the research carried out within the Research Institute for Construction Equipment and Technology—ICECON S.A. Bucharest, consisting of the design and development of vibrating-action machines and of the technical analysis of optimization of the technological processes with vibrating equipment for highway construction works in Romania. Moreover, the physical and mathematical modeling of this mechanical system used the data obtained in the activity of the certification of the technical level of capability of the processing equipment in industry and construction, taking into account the provisions of procedures and regulations legally enforced by normative documents. These are based on a parametric analysis of the dynamics of the technological processing vibratory equipment and machines. Thus, both the evaluation method and the parametric optimization procedure were established. In this context, this paper presents a numerical analytical approach with discrete and continuous parametric variations, from where favorable areas of operation can be established. In this way, the optimization criteria in stabilized harmonic vibration regimes are approached based on the assessment of the vibration amplitude, of the force transmitted to the processed material and of the energy dissipated in the system. The presented dynamic model as well as the specific parameters were used in the design and/or numerical and experimental assessment for vibrating rammers with the amplitude of the perturbing force from 2 kN up to 100 kN, vibrating compactors with the amplitude of the perturbing force from 100 kN up to 200 kN and vibrating sieves for mineral aggregates with surface sieves of 6, 12 and 18 sqm. The symmetry/asymmetry properties are specific to the dynamic response in steady-state technological regime. Thus, the amplitude of vibrations in resonance presents asymmetry through a functional level necessary for the technological regime. The maximum force transmitted in the technological process is asymmetric in relation to the variation of the excitation pulsation; also, the dissipated energy has asymmetries in the postresonance. Hysteresis loops are symmetrical to the main axis. The originality of the research results comes from the establishment of dynamic parameters for the amplitude of technological vibration, the force transmitted to the working part, the energy dissipated on the cycle, hysteresis loops in a steady-state regime with digital display to identify the dynamic regime and the damping in the system. The calculation relations are specific to machines with a vibrating action and, on their basis, the vibrating equipment from Romania were designed, manufactured and tested, as mentioned in this paper.