Abstract
Low cycling stability is one of the most crucial issues in rechargeable batteries. Herein, we study the effects of a simple ultrasound treatment of graphite for the reversible (de)intercalation of a ClO4− anion from a 2.4 M Al(ClO4)3 aqueous solution. We demonstrate that the ultrasound-treated graphite offers the improved reversibility of the ClO4− anion (de)intercalation compared with the untreated samples. The ex situ and in situ Raman spectroelectrochemistry and X-ray diffraction analysis of the ultrasound-treated materials shows no change in the interlayer spacing, a mild increase in the stacking order, and a large increase in the amount of defects in the lattice accompanied by a decrease in the lateral crystallite size. The smaller flakes of the ultrasonicated natural graphite facilitate the improved reversibility of the ClO4− anion electrochemical (de)intercalation and a more stable electrochemical performance with a cycle life of over 300 cycles.
Funder
Charles University
European Regional Development Fund
OP RDE
Project: “Carbon allotropes with rationalized nanointerfaces and nanolinks for environmental and biomedical applications”
SOLID21
Czech Science Foundation
Strategy AV21
Subject
General Materials Science,General Chemical Engineering
Cited by
1 articles.
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