Pre-Processing of Simulated Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Scenes Using Polarimetric Enhancement for Improved Ship Wake Detection

Author:

Jiang Yanni1ORCID,Yang Ziyuan1,Li Ke1,Liu Tao1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Electronic Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China

Abstract

Ship wake detection using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery provides a way to obtain small marine ship information, but it often becomes unavailable and unreliable during a high sea state. Polarimetric information provides a potential way to solve this problem, which can enhance the ship target as well as the ship wake features. However, three challenges still exist in ship wake detection in polarimetric SAR imagery: the unwanted influences of bright and singular points on ship wake detection, the lack of performance analysis of wake detection by new-type polarimetric enhancement methods, and the difficulty of using the assessment criteria for ship wake detection. In this paper, we try to solve the above problems. Firstly, fully polarized SAR imagery of both ship turbulent and Kelvin wake is simulated based on the two-scale composite model, and the Polarimetric Whitening Filter (PWF) and Polarimetric Detection Optimization Filter (PDOF) are applied to the simulated fully polarized SAR imagery to enhance the ship wake features. Secondly, since the bright and singular points resulting from the ship echoes and the polarimetric enhancement methods may lead to misdetections, a logarithm process and z-score normalization pre-processing has been applied to the images. Then, a new assessment criterion for wake detection performance has been formulated, and the probability of missing detections (PMDs) and the probability of false alarms (PFAs) have been defined for two different requirements. And a Radon transform-based ship wake detection method for both ship turbulence and Kelvin wake has been carried out in horizontal–horizontal (HH), vertical–vertical (VV), horizontal–vertical (HV), PWF and PDOF SAR imagery. Finally, an analysis of the wake detection performance has been carried out. The PWF and PDOF can improve the wake detection performance by an average of nearly 50 percent compared with the HH and VV.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference44 articles.

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2. Schuler, D.L., Lee, J.S., Hoppel, K., and Valenzuela, G.R. (1992, January 26–29). Polarimetric SAR Image Signatures of Gulf-stream Features and Ship Wakes. Proceedings of the 1992 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Houston, TX, USA.

3. Pottier, E., Boerner, W.M., and Schuler, D.L. (July, January 28). Schuler Polarimetric Detection and Estimation of Ship Wakes. Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Hamburg, Germany.

4. Kasilingam, D., Schuler, D., Lee, J.S., and Malhotra, S. (2002, January 24–28). Modulation of Polarimetric Coherence by Ocean Features. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Toronto, ON, Canada.

5. Morris, J., Anderson, S., and Parfitt, A. (2002, January 24–28). Polarimetric Mapping of Ship Wakes. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Toronto, ON, Canada.

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