3GPP 5G V2X Error Correction Coding for Various Propagation Environments: A QoS Approach

Abstract

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications is an emerging branch of wireless communications and has recently gained a lot of interest not only from academia but also from the automotive and telecommunications industry. An important feature of V2X telecommunication systems is that the communication quality varies quickly in time due to the high mobility of the transceivers and due to the rapid change in the fading characteristics of the communication medium. For this reason, it is vital to maintain tolerable quality of service (QoS) in a V2X communication environment, in terms of communication reliability, power, end-to-end latency, data rate, communication range, throughput and vehicle density. A significant impact on the quality parameters of the system has been the coding scheme used by the V2X telecommunication system. For this purpose, we examine the effect that popular coding schemes have on the QoS of a V2X communication system. More specifically, the impact of fourth-generation long-term evolution (4G-LTE) turbo codes, fifth-generation new radio (5G-NR) polar codes and 5G-NR low-density parity-check codes (LDPC) on the QoS parameters of a V2X communication system is researched. Το this end, we employ stochastic V2X propagation models that simulate every possible V2X channel state and traffic environment, based on the third-generation partnership project (3GPP) Release 16 specifications. These propagation models form the basis of our study, since through them, at a first level, we analyze the frame error rate (FER) performance for different levels of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for all the aforementioned coding schemes and 128-bit V2X-compatible data frames, and, at a second level, we investigate the impact of these propagation models and coding schemes on the V2X QoS parameters. Our analysis shows that turbo-based coding schemes satisfy all the QoS parameters and achieve overall communication quality comparable to polar and better than LDPC, making them suitable for small-frame 5G V2X services.