A Broadband THz On-Chip Transition Using a Dipole Antenna with Integrated Balun

Abstract

A waveguide-to-microstrip transition is an essential component for packaging integrated circuits (ICs) in rectangular waveguides, especially at millimeter-wave and terahertz (THz) frequencies. At THz frequencies, the on-chip transitions, which are monolithically integrated in ICs are preferred to off-chip transitions, as the former can eliminate the wire-bonding process, which can cause severe impedance mismatch and additional insertion loss of the transitions. Therefore, on-chip transitions can allow the production of low cost and repeatable THz modules. However, on-chip transitions show limited performance in insertion loss and bandwidth, more seriously, this is an in-band resonance issue. These problems are mainly caused by the substrate used in the THz ICs, such as an indium phosphide (InP), which exhibits a high dielectric constant, high dielectric loss, and high thickness, compared with the size of THz waveguides. In this work, we propose a broadband THz on-chip transition using a dipole antenna with an integrated balun in the InP substrate. The transition is designed using three-dimensional electromagnetic (EM) simulations based on the equivalent circuit model. We show that in-band resonances can be induced within the InP substrate and also prove that backside vias can effectively eliminate these resonances. Measurement of the fabricated on-chip transition in 250 nm InP heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technology, shows wideband impedance match and low insertion loss at H-band frequencies (220–320 GHz), without in-band resonances, due to the properly placed backside vias.