Content Analysis Using Specific Natural Language Processing Methods for Big Data

Abstract

Researchers from different fields have studied the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and published their results in peer-reviewed journals indexed in international databases such as Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, PubMed. Focusing on efficient methods for navigating the extensive literature on COVID-19 pandemic research, our study conducts a content analysis of the top 1000 cited papers in WoS that delve into the subject by using elements of natural language processing (NLP). Knowing that in WoS, a scientific paper is described by the group Paper = {Abstract, Keyword, Title}; we obtained via NLP methods the word dictionaries with their frequencies of use and the word cloud for the 100 most used words, and we investigated if there is a degree of similarity between the titles of the papers and their abstracts, respectively. Using the Python packages NLTK, TextBlob, VADER, we computed sentiment scores for paper titles and abstracts, analyzed the results, and then, using Azure Machine Learning-Sentiment analysis, extended the range of comparison of sentiment scores. Our proposed analysis method can be applied to any research topic or theme from papers, articles, or projects in various fields of specialization to create a minimal dictionary of terms based on frequency of use, with visual representation by word cloud. Complementing the content analysis in our research with sentiment and similarity analysis highlights the different or similar treatment of the topics addressed in the research, as well as the opinions and feelings conveyed by the authors in relation to the researched issue.