Multi-Layered Satellite Communications Systems for Ultra-High Availability and Resilience

Author:

Höyhtyä Marko1,Anttonen Antti1,Majanen Mikko1,Yastrebova-Castillo Anastasia1,Varga Mihaly2,Lodigiani Luca2,Corici Marius3ORCID,Zope Hemant3

Affiliation:

1. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., 90571 Oulu, Finland

2. Inmarsat, London EC1Y 1AX, UK

3. Fraunhofer FOKUS Institute, 10589 Berlin, Germany

Abstract

Satellite communications systems provide a means to connect people and devices in hard-to-reach locations. Traditional geostationary orbit (GEO) satellite systems and low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations, having their own strengths and weaknesses, have been used as separate systems serving different markets and customers. In this article, we analyze how satellite systems in different orbits could be integrated together and used as a multi-layer satellite system (MLSS) to improve communication services. The optimization concerns combining the strengths of different layers that include a larger coverage area as one moves up by each layer of altitude and a shorter delay as one moves down by each layer of altitude. We review the current literature and market estimates and use the information to provide a thorough assessment of the economic, regulatory, and technological enablers of the MLSS. We define the MLSS concept and the architecture and describe our testbed and the simulation tools used as a comprehensive engineering proof-of-concept. The validation results confirm that the MLSS approach can intelligently exploit the smaller jitter of GEO and shorter delay of LEO connections, and it can increase the availability and resilience of communication services. As a main conclusion, we can say that multi-layered networks and the integration of satellite and terrestrial segments seem very promising candidates for future 6G systems.

Funder

European Space Agency

Business Finland

Publisher

MDPI AG

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