Adaptive Virtual Inertial Control and Virtual Droop Control Coordinated Control Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage Taking into Account State of Charge Optimization

Abstract

For energy-storage-assisting conventional units to participate in the primary frequency regulation of a power system, firstly, based on the frequency regulation mechanism of virtual inertial control (VIC) and virtual droop control (VDC) of energy storage, we analyze the effect of the action timing of energy storage on the frequency deviation of the grid under two control methods and put forward a reasonable combination of the two control methods; on this basis, we also put forward hybrid energy storage adaptive VIC and VDC based on the demand of VIC and VDC on the power and capacity of energy storage. On this basis, based on the demand of VIC and VDC on the power and capacity of energy storage, a hybrid energy storage adaptive VIC and VDC coordinated control strategy based on supercapacitor–lithium batteries is proposed, whereby a high-power storage supercapacitor responds to inertial control signals to rapidly suppress a drop in frequency, and the high-capacity lithium battery responds to droop control signals to perform long-time droop control. The high-capacity lithium battery responds to the sagging control signal and is used to perform a long-time sagging power response; finally, in order to avoid the state of charge (SOC) of energy storage falling into a low/high working condition and losing the subsequent frequency regulation ability, an adaptive power control strategy of energy storage based on the improved logistic function is proposed. The simulation results show that under typical load disturbance, the SOC level of the proposed strategy increases by 19.17% and 30.16%, respectively, compared with that of the single-lithium strategy and no energy storage, and the SOC level of the supercapacitor and lithium battery increases by 29.4% and 2.1%, respectively, compared with that of logistic optimization.