Quantum Gates for Electronics Engineers

Abstract

The design of a solid-state quantum processor is nowadays a hot research topic in microelectronics. Like the logic gates in a classical processor, quantum gates serve as the fundamental building blocks for quantum processors. The main goal of the present paper is to deduce the matrix of the main one- and two-qubit quantum gates from the Schrödinger equation. The mathematical formalism is kept as comfortable as possible for electronics engineers. This paper does not cover topics such as dissipations, state density, coherence, and state purity. In a similar manner, this paper also deals with the quantum nature of a quantum processor by leveraging the concept of a finite-state machine, which is a background notion for any electronics engineer.