Advancing into Millimeter Wavelengths for IoT: Multibeam Modified Planar Luneburg Lens Antenna with Porous Plastic Material

Abstract

This paper introduces an innovative antenna design utilizing a cylindrical dielectric Luneburg lens tailored for 60 GHz Internet of Things (IoT) applications. To optimize V-band communications, the permittivity of the dielectric medium is strategically adjusted by precisely manipulating the physical porosity. In IoT scenarios, employing a microstrip dipole antenna with an emission pattern resembling cos10 enhances beam illumination within the waveguide, thereby improving communication and sensing capabilities. The refractive index gradient of the Luneburg lens is modified by manipulating the material’s porosity using air holes, prioritizing signal accuracy and reliability. Fabricated with polyimide using 3D printing, the proposed antenna features a slim profile ideal for IoT applications with space constraints, such as smart homes and unmanned aerial vehicles. Its innovative design is underscored by selective laser sintering (SLS), offering scalable and cost-effective production. Measured results demonstrate the antenna’s exceptional performance, surpassing IoT deployment standards. This pioneering approach to designing multibeam Luneburg lens antennas, leveraging 3D printing’s porosity control for millimeter-wave applications, represents a significant advancement in antenna technology with scanning ability between −67 and 67 degrees. It paves the way for enhanced IoT infrastructure characterized by advanced sensing capabilities and improved connectivity.