Energy Management Strategy of Fuel-Cell Backup Power Supply Systems Based on Whale Optimization Fuzzy Control

Abstract

A backup power supply system can provide electrical energy for load in harsh environment without power grid, and plays a very important role in natural disaster rescue and military application. Compared with traditional energy sources, the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell has the advantages of good low temperature start-up performance, low noise, high efficiency and high power density, and no carbon emission, which gradually becomes the main energy source of the backup power supply system. This paper designs the backup power system topology of the “dual fuel cell and lithium battery” and researches energy management strategy based on fuzzy control (FC). Considering that it is difficult for the fuzzy controller to obtain the optimal membership function parameters according to working conditions, this paper aims to reduce the hydrogen consumption of the system, uses the whale optimization algorithm to optimize the membership function of the fuzzy controller, and proposes an energy management strategy based on whale optimization fuzzy control (WO-FC). The energy management strategies are verified and compared by simulations. The results show that the membership function of the optimized fuzzy controller based on WO-FC energy management strategy has changed greatly: The hydrogen consumption of the system obviously decreased compared with no optimization, and the overall efficiency of the fuel cell also significantly improved. To be more precise, the energy management strategy based on WO-FC reduces the hydrogen consumption of the system by 5.35% and improves the overall efficiency of the fuel cell by 1.56%.